The term of certification mark does not exist in the Iranian law, but the bill of protection of industrial property has considered its protection. The role of certification mark is certifying a certain attribute in a goods or service. The attribute can be quality, material, origin or other character. This mark has different types such as compulsory/voluntary, national/regional/international and for goods/for service. Certification mark is a different concept compared to collective mark, geographical indication and ordinary trademark. The most important differences are: The role of these marks, The prohibition principle that prohibits the owner of a certification mark to use his mark and the freedom of use principle which allows qualified persons to use the mark.

The use of Trade Marks in e-Commerce causes challenge between "Territoriality of Trade Mark rights" principle and "Global Nature of Internet". It is our aim to find some solution to prevent sacrificing one for another. Prohibition of all kinds of using a trade mark with the allegation of being some opponent right in a special country leads to preference of Territoriality of Trade Mark rights principle to Global Nature of Internet. So any Prohibition is limited to the place in which the right exists. Determining such a place is a hard job because internet is borderless. At the same time issuing some award from a court in the country of origin to a trade mark should not result in prohibition of using the mark on the net at all because this means negation of Territoriality of such right.

One of the main instances of Industrial property, as one of the two branches of intellectual property law, is Trade Name which takes into account a very valuable asset of trade markets. In spite of this importance, the concept of Trade Name has been used incorrectly by some concepts like, Trade Mark, Geographical indication, Domain name, Brand and Trade registration in some internal and international texts and it (improper use) is seen, even in some specialized intellectual property writings, too. Perhaps, non stipulation to the concept of Trade Name in the international conventions related to the intellectual property is one of the main reasons of this improper use. Further than theoretic aspect, the distinction between Trade name and similar concepts, have a practical aspect for legislatures as well as the owners of Trade names too; so the present article aims at filling the existing shortage in the legal literature of the state at this field, by defining the concept of Trade Name (First paragraph) and it’s distinction between similar concepts (Second paragraph), according to a comparative and analytical study.

Trade fairs are known to be an excellent marketing tool to penetrate target market (s) with maximum efficiency. However, an increasing number of exibitors show willingness to perform cost-benefit analysis and, as far as possible, quantify possible benefits.In this research, a population consisting of 313 manufacturing firms participating at least once in khorasan international trade fair were sought to measure such business performance and economic effect. A sample of 76 top managers (mostly sales managers), represented 24% of the population were provided with questionnaire.Prior to distributing questionnaire, the survey instrument was pre-tested on ten firms to assure that respondents were not troubled by the questions. The reliability was confirmed through face method and validity through determination of Cronbach rate 93%. In order to analyze the collected data and to test research hypothesis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and T-Test were used accordingly. The study showed that participation in khorasan international trade fairs promoted the image of particpants and market standout against competitors, increased sales, improved customer contact, but did not led to attraction of new customer from visiting targeted groups.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of inflation in the period 1960- 2011 and autoregressive model (VAR) is used here. In this study due to the structure of the Iranian economy, the mark-up index is derived and its growth along with liquidity growth, nominal exchange rate growth and productivity growth are used in the model. The results of Granger causality test show one-way causal relationship between the three variables of mark-up growth, exchange rates growth and labor productivity growth in one hand and inflation on the other hand, as well as two-way causal relationship between money growth and inflation. Also impuls response functions confirm a negative relationship between labor productivity growth and inflation. Moreover, based on the analysis of impulse response functions of three variables of mark-up growth, liquidity growth and exchange rate growth, they are positively correlated with inflation. Variance decomposition showed that each of the variables of inflation, mark-up growth and labor productivity growth in the short-term and respectively with the shares of 45, 29 and 25 percent, have the highest explanation on inflation forecast variance. But in the long run, the effect of mark-up growth is reduced, and labor productivity growth, inflation, liquidity growth, exchange rate growth and mark-up respectively explain 30, 28, 17, 14 and 10 percents of the forecast errors.

The purpose of the study was to exam the psychometric properties of the emotional intelligence scale. Initially, to provide the useful translation of the scale, translation and back translation process was used. The scale consisted of 96 items in eight subscales. The sample includes 536 teachers in Shiraz city. The sampling method was cluster sampling. To check the construct validity, principle component factor analysis and maximum likelihood were run. The results showed a three factors construct. Alpha coefficient for these extracted factors was acceptable. Also the test-retest reliability, Convergent and divergent validity for the scale were acceptable.